DEDUCTION AND INDUCTION

The reasoning comes from a premise to a conclusion, passing by several other intermediate assumptions. In this sense, we can say that the reasoning is a mediate or indirect knowledge, that is mediated by several others. Thus, it is the opposite of intuition, which is the immediate knowledge.

We reason or argue, therefore, when we put premises containing evidence in an order such that necessarily lead us to one conclusion. This system is composed of rational processes that connect what is known to what is unknown, or are processes that allow to obtain new knowledge from knowledge already acquired. Basically, there are two processes by which we organize our reasoning: deduction and induction.

Deduction
The deduction is to arrive at a particular and / or specific truth from a more general or comprehensive. Therefore, by including a specific fact in a more general, we are reasoning by deduction, as shown in the following example:

1) ALESSANDRO is MAN;
2) EVERY MAN IS DEADLY;
3) immediately, ALESSANDRO IS DEADLY (conclusion).

Induction:

Induction, traveled the opposite way: looking at particular cases, isolated, seek them a pattern, or a general law that explains and applies to all individual cases similar to those observed.

1) ALL OBSERVED IN RESEARCH BODIES ARE DOGS;
2) Therefore, ALL ARE DOGS.